ABSTRACT
CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts were determined in 59 HIV seropositive and 41 HIV seronegative newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Pune. There were significant differences in the CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios between HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative tuberculosis patients. Majority of the HIV seropositive patients had a CD4 count less than 500 cells/cu.mm, whereas among the HIV seronegative patients, majority had a CD4 count more than 500 cells/cu.mm. In HIV seropositive patients with extrapulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis, the CD4 counts were lower than in those who had only pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. There was no significant differences in the CD8 counts between HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative tuberculosis patients, except for patients with pulmonary cavity, where the CD8 counts were significantly higher in HIV seropositive tuberculosis patients. In HIV seropositive individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis, the CD8 counts in those with pulmonary cavity were higher than in those without any pulmonary cavity. Absence of cavitation and presence of pulmonary with extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurred when immune activation was at a lower level.
Subject(s)
Adult , HIV Seronegativity , HIV Seropositivity/pathology , Humans , India , Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology , Tuberculosis/pathologyABSTRACT
Two HIV-2 strains were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two HIV-2 seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis by co-cultivating the cells with phytohaemagglutinin-P stimulated heterologous normal lymphocytes. Biological characterization of the isolates indicated that both isolates were syncytium inducing and induced cytopathic effect in the form of giant cells and syncytia formation in four T lymphoid cell lines. The isolates differed in their replication pattern. The isolates were confirmed as HIV-2 by nested PCR using HIV-1 and HIV-2 specific oligonucleotide primers from the env region and by supplementary tests like indirect immunofluorescence assay, syncytium inhibition assay using reference and HIV-2 reactive patients' sera, western blot and electron microscopy. Neutralization of one isolate (TB1) with two Senegal reference sera also indicated that the isolate may be related to the Senegal strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of HIV-2 in India.
Subject(s)
Adult , HIV Seropositivity/complications , HIV-2/genetics , Humans , India , Male , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complicationsABSTRACT
A total of 4618 tuberculosis patients attending the TB clinic at the Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune between 1991 and 1996 were screened for anti-HIV antibodies. Of these 694 were found reactive in enzyme immuno assay (EIA) and 624 were further confirmed by a second test, either rapid EIA or Western blot. HIV-1 reactivity was predominant among tuberculosis patients with HIV-2 reactivity appearing only in 1995. HIV-2 seroreactivity accounted for 0.54 and 1.02 per cent of all HIV reactive samples in 1995 and 1996. HIV-1 and HIV-2 dual reactivity accounted for 1.63 and 2.04 per cent of all infections in 1995 and 1996. The overall seroprevalence of HIV among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients rose from 3.2 per cent in 1991 to 20.1 per cent in 1996.
Subject(s)
HIV Seroprevalence/trends , Humans , India/epidemiology , Mass Screening/methods , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunologySubject(s)
Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Female , Fibromatosis, Abdominal/diagnosis , Humans , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Adult , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Tracheal Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
While investigating a chest opacity in Behcet's disease possibility of pulmonary aneurysm should be considered. Contrast enhanced CT is a safe diagnostic method which is useful in confirming or excluding the presence of an aneurysm in such cases. We report here the first case of bilateral pulmonary aneurysms in Behcet's disease.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aneurysm/pathology , Behcet Syndrome/pathology , Hemoptysis/pathology , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Benign tumours of the oesophagus are rare, representing less than 1% of all oesophageal neoplasms. Most of them are intramural leiomyomas while the other benign tumours are encountered only infrequently; among these pedunculated intraluminal hamartomas form a particularly rare group. We present here one such case.
Subject(s)
Adult , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Hamartoma/pathology , Humans , Polyps/pathologyABSTRACT
A case of pseudoaneurysm with erosion of both pulmonary and bronchial vessels is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography followed by intravenous digital subtraction angiography. It was removed surgically.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aneurysm/etiology , Angiography, Digital Subtraction , Humans , Male , Pulmonary Artery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complicationsABSTRACT
Three cases of adrenal carcinomas are reported with emphasis on different radiological imaging techniques. It is felt that sonography and C.T. both have an important role in diagnosing masses of suprarenal region.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
It is now widely accepted that germinal cell tumors can arise primarily in the mediastinum. Primary extragenital seminoma has been documented arising in the mediastinum but very few reports are available about primary mediastinal embryonal cell carcinoma. We report a case of this rare condition with radiological and CT features.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Teratoma/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Biopsy , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Hyperplasia , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Adolescent , Biopsy , Cherubism/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Mandibular Diseases/diagnosisABSTRACT
Pattern of classification in an renal neoplasm is variable. If calcium is located nonperipherally (within the mass) it is more likely to be a renal cell carcinoma. But peripheral calcification does not rule out malignancy.